go against
英 /ɡəʊ əˈɡɛnst/美 /ɡoʊ əˈɡɛnst/
v. 动词(固定搭配)
反对;违背;不利于
词义说明
本义为“朝…相反方向移动”,如“go against the current”字面指逆流而上。由此引申出三种主要义项:1)反对、对抗,指意见或行为上与某人或某组织相左,如“go against the government”;2)违背、违反,指行为与规则、原则或期望不符,如“go against the rules”;3)对…不利,指形势、结果等不利于某人或某事,如“The case went against him.”。三者间有逻辑关联:从物理上的逆向运动,到抽象层面的对立,再到结果上的不利。
词源解析
该词组由动词“go”和介词“against”构成。“go”源自古英语“gān”,意为行走、移动;“against”源自古英语“onġēan”,意为相反、相对。组合后字面意思为“朝着相反方向走”,后逐渐引申为抽象的对立关系。记忆时可联想“逆流而上”的画面,将物理上的逆反迁移到意见、规则或命运上。
什么场合用
该词组在多种语境中常见。日常口语中,用于表达反对意见,如“I won't go against my parents.”,语气直接。新闻报道中,常描述民意或趋势,如“Public opinion went against the policy.”,语气客观。法律文本中,指判决不利,如“The verdict went against the defendant.”,正式严谨。商务场合,表示违背协议,如“Going against the contract terms is unacceptable.”。文学作品中,可表达内心冲突,如“He went against his conscience.”,富有情感色彩。
用法须知
该词组为及物动词性质,后接名词或代词宾语。常见句型:主语 + go against + 宾语。例如:“She went against her family's wishes.”。可用于被动语态,但较少见,如“The decision was gone against by many.”。注意“go”为不规则动词,过去式“went”,过去分词“gone”。易错点:不要将其与“go against to”混淆(无“to”);亦不要与“go against it”中的“it”省略,除非上下文明确。
近义词对比
与“oppose”相比,“go against”更口语化,且暗示行为或态度上的对立,而非仅口头反对。与“violate”相比,“go against”侧重违背规则或原则,但“violate”更正式,常用于法律条文。与“disregard”相比,“go against”更强调主动对抗,而“disregard”是忽视。与“contradict”相比,“go against”可指行动或结果,而“contradict”仅指言语或逻辑上的矛盾。选择时,若强调结果不利,用“go against”;若强调主动抵抗,可用“oppose”。
需要留意
该词组为中性偏口语,但可用于正式语境。无特殊褒贬,但宾语常为权威、规则、期望等,因此暗含挑战或冲突。常见误用:1)将其与“go against to”混用,应直接加宾语;2)误用其被动语态,实际被动罕见;3)在表达“违背意愿”时,误用“go against one's will”为“go against one's idea”,前者更常用。注意“go against”后接“the grain”时,意为“违背本性”,属于固定习语。
高频搭配
- go against the grain违背本性;不合常理
- go against the tide逆潮流而动
- go against one's will违背某人的意愿
- go against the rules违反规则
- go against advice违背建议
- go against a decision反对决定
- go against the current逆流而上
- go against one's principles违背原则
用法示例
- She went against her parents' advice and studied art.她违背父母的建议,学了艺术。
- The judge's decision went against the defendant.法官的判决对被告不利。
- It's difficult to go against the tide of public opinion.逆公众舆论之潮而行是困难的。
- He was fired for going against company policy.他因违反公司政策而被解雇。
- In the debate, she went against the motion.在辩论中,她反对该动议。
- The evidence goes against his alibi.证据与他的不在场证明相矛盾。